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Tuesday, 8 May 2012

UN leader warns Assad ahead of Annan briefing


UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon is not mincing his words on Syria.
Ban Ki-moon at the Atlantic Council Awards Dinner (www.acus.org)
Speaking on the eve of a key UN Security Council meeting on Syria later today, Tuesday, Ban slammed Damascus for holding legislative elections “while violence is still ongoing” and hinted that Syrian President Bashar al-Assad will suffer the fate of Laurent Gbabgo, Charles Taylor, or Muammar Qaddafi if his reign of violence continued.
Ban’s predecessor, UN-Arab League envoy Kofi Annan, will today update (via video-link) the Security Council on his Syria mediation efforts since his last briefing on April 24.
Council members will likely be interested in hearing what Damascus has done to implement its earlier commitments under Annan’s six-point plan. Many Council members are concerned the pre-condition for a sustained cessation of violence—the Syrian government’s halting troop movements and withdrawing heavy weapons from population centers -- has not been fulfilled.
Addressing the American Society of International Law (ASIL) in Washington on Monday, Ban said he was “especially disturbed by the blood that continues to spill in Syria.” 
He said Annan’s six-point plan and the deployment of UN observers to Syria “is not meant to freeze the situation on the ground, but to create conditions for a genuine, inclusive political process that will address the concerns and democratic aspirations of all Syrians.
“We also need a just peace and a political settlement,” Ban said, adding: “The Syrian people deserve their fundamental freedoms, including the rights to assemble peacefully and freely determine their own destiny.  They also need immediate humanitarian assistance, which the United Nations is ready to deliver as soon as we get access.
“Let me say clearly:  this is a difficult mission at a difficult moment.  We know the security risks to our brave, exposed, unarmed observers.  We know that Syrian citizens could face punishment for talking to the mission.  We know the nature of the regime, which could well use the presence of the mission to ready itself to carry out further violence.
“But we know, too, that we have to put all our efforts and commitment into this endeavor. The international community, especially countries with influence, must stay united behind this effort.  Mr. Annan has done a remarkable job and has my complete support.  I call on the Syrian government to uphold its responsibilities under the six-point plan — fully, with no more delays. 
“The alternative — a full-scale civil war with regional consequences — would be much worse. Those who undermine our mission will bear the responsibility — and will be held accountable by the international community.  This is my strong and stern message to the Syrian authorities.
“…The case against (former Liberian President) Charles Taylor showed that executive mansions built on blood and theft are no protection against the law.  He was not the first Head of State to commit international crimes in office.  And I am convinced he will not be the last to pay for his acts.  This is not only my prediction — it is my warning to leaders, especially those in Syria, who commit or direct atrocity crimes.”
Speaking later at the Atlantic Council Awards Dinner, where he received the award for Distinguished International Leadership, Ban alluded to the fate of leaders who lose legitimacy with their own people and the world community. 
He observed that, “When an incumbent president refused to stand down after losing an election in Cote d’Ivoire … when he threatened his people with civil war in order to preserve his own power … we stood firm for democracy and human rights. Today, Laurent Gbagbo is awaiting trial in The Hague — and a legitimate president, Alassane Ouattara, is in office.” 
He continued, “When Muammar Gaddafi threatened to kill his own people, we acted. In doing so, we gave force to a fundamental new principle — the ‘Responsibility to Protect.’” 
And, he noted, “Ten days ago, Charles Taylor was found guilty by our special court for Sierra Leone. Today I say: no leader, anywhere, should imagine that he — or she — enjoys impunity from crimes of atrocity.” 
With respect to Syria, he noted that, “The government continues to assault its people. Every day, we see the most appalling images — tanks firing in city centers …innocent civilians dying, even children.” Therefore, Ban declared, “We are in a race against time to prevent full-scale civil war — death on a potentially massive scale.” 
While lauding the work of Annan and the UN monitors on the ground, Ban cautioned, “We cannot predict how this will end. But we do know there can be no compromise on fundamental principles of justice and human rights, in Syria or elsewhere. No amount of force can squash people’s aspirations to live in dignity and decency.” 
He vowed, “Those responsible for ordering or carrying out such acts — in Syria or elsewhere — will be held accountable by the international community.”
Separately, the United States and France joined the Syrian opposition in pouring scorn on Monday’s legislative election called by the Assad government.
U.S. State Department Marc C. Toner told a press briefing on Monday: “Actually, you know what? I chuckle; it’s not funny. It’s – I think I spoke to this a little bit last week when someone asked. It’s not really possible to hold credible elections in a climate where basic human rights are being denied to the citizens and the government is continuing to carry out daily assaults on the citizens, on its own citizens. So to hold a parliamentary election in that kind of atmosphere is – borders on ludicrous.”
In Paris, the French foreign ministry spokesman said, “France denounces the organizing by Damascus of a vote in such conditions as a sinister farce.” 

Monday, 7 May 2012

Hurrah! Saudi pink climbers head to Mt. Everest


Clockwise from L., Asma, Alya, Hasna'a, Leena, Noura, Mashael, Hatun, Mona and Samaher

Eleven Saudi women flew out to the Nepalese capital Kathmandu last night on the first leg of their two-week journey to try and scale Mount Everest.
Their campaign -- dubbed “A Woman’s Journey – Destination Mount Everest” – aims to promote awareness of breast cancer, express moral support for women sufferers and underscore the importance of healthier lifestyles and physical fitness.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Saudi women. Around 8,000 cases are discovered each year of which 50 to 60 percent are diagnosed at a late stage. Despite government efforts, the rate of breast cancer has climbed from 7.6 percent 10 years ago to its current high of 24 percent of all cancer cases. Women over the age of 40 are at high risk and early diagnosis is key for increasing survival chances.
All 11 Saudi women taking the breast cancer fight to the earth’s highest mountain, with a peak at 8,848 meters, on the Nepal, Tibet and China borders, have relatives or friends who fought or are fighting the ailment.
Led by HRH Princess Reema Bint Bandar Bin Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, the driving force behind the May 7-21 campaign, they are: Alya Al-Sa'ad, Hatun Madani, Mona Shahab, Noura Bouzo, Leena Al-Maeena, Samaher Mously, Asma Al-Ghalib, Mashael Al-Hegelan, Hasna’a Mokhtar and Raha Moharrak.
Here is how the pink warriors describe themselves and their preparations for the challenge on the expedition’s Facebook page:
PRINCESS REEMA is president and CEO of ALFA International and AL HAMA LLC, two leading luxury retail conglomerates. The groups operate the Harvey Nichols department store in Riyadh.
Raised and educated in Washington, D.C., she earned her B.A. from George Washington University. Upon her return to Saudi Arabia in 2002, she cofounded Yibreen, a women's day spa in Riyadh.
Princess Reema is also a founding member of the Zahra Breast Cancer Association and sits on the Board of Advisors of the Institute of Civil Leadership.
She is the granddaughter of the late Crown Prince Sultan, who passed away last October. Her father, Prince Bandar, was Saudi Arabia's ambassador to the United States from 1983 to 2005, when he was appointed Secretary-General of the National Security Council.
ALYA AL-SA'AD was born and raised in Saudi but is currently living in Portugal. “I am passionate about sports and adventure activities,” she wrote on the group’s Facebook page before heading to Mount Everest. “I divide my time between seeing my family in Saudi and chasing my next dream of becoming the first ‘Arab Middle Eastern female surfer in history’ with the help of my personal trainer (my husband) and Algarve Surf School in Portugal, where we also have an outdoor adventure business.
“The next challenge after the surfing will be to compete in the Tour De France cycling competition… I eat straight from my organic vegetable garden and enjoy the seafood that the Portuguese coastline has to offer!
“My normal training regime of gym, running, cycling, surfing, swimming has been adjusted to consider the fitness requirements of the daily six-hour trekking on Everest. I added cliff hiking with 15kg backpack, sand dune running and plyometric beach exercises to work on muscular strength and endurance. Before Everest people always called me a gym rat, as I love to workout everyday!”
HATUN MADANI, from al-Madinah al-Munawarah, is a 37-year-old mother of three supportive children aged 16, 13, and 10. She graduated from Mount Vernon College in Washington DC and is currently living in Dubai and working as a Senior Property Advisor. She is passionate about cooking and is always up for a challenge and a new adventure.
“It is an honor to be a part of this team. I love a challenge so I didn’t think twice when I heard about this journey and the cause. I am all for promoting healthy living and supporting breast cancer patients… I have done lots and lots of cardio and endurance training.”
Hatun will be climbing for her friends Sara and Deema Balhejaila.
MONA SHAHAB likes to describe herself as "a citizen of the world". She is a proud Boston University and Tufts University alumni, where she studied Child Clinical Psychology. She is passionate about working with children and is addicted to tennis. She loves the outdoors, the ocean, sports, adventure, history, Africa, new cultures, books, Gandhi, and a good meal.
She will be climbing on behalf of her aunt, a family friend, and the women of ‘Lahnat Al-Amal’, a support group at the Saudi Cancer Foundation in the Eastern Province.
“I lost one too many friends to cancer, therefore I will do anything and everything in my power to advocate a healthy lifestyle.
“I've been exercising for some time now. It all started back in October 2011, when a group of friends and I started training for Kilimanjaro4Cancer. I've been spending hours at the gym and running outdoors. A lot of walking on a treadmill on an incline in my training boots, and a ton of squats and lunges to strengthen the legs. I'm addicted to tennis so a lot of tennis as well. I don’t miss any class I can fit into my schedule, whether it's dance, circuit, Pilates, Bikram Yoga, etc…
“I was also planning on running the Boston marathon this year. But since Everest Base Camp popped up, I decided to postpone the Boston marathon.”
NOURA BOUZO is the co-founder and creative director of Oasis Magazine, an Arts & Culture and Lifestyle publication. She studied Fine Arts and holds a Masters degree in Art History.
Noura will be climbing for her cousin.
“To prepare for this journey, I've been exercising daily. I've also been researching what to expect on Everest. Although there are a lot of challenges we will be going through, both physical and mental, I'm really looking forward to it.”
LEENA AL-MAEENA is the cofounder and director of Jeddah United Sports Co., the first private Saudi sports company targeting males and females, and captains Jeddah United’s women basketball team.
Leena is also a regular guest speaker on women and sports in Saudi Arabia at local and international forums and conferences, her aim being to promote sports locally and change stereotypes of Saudi women internationally.
She will be climbing for Dr. Samia Alamoudi, the icon for breast cancer awareness campaigns in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), for her cousin Aisha Al-Khateeb, a breast cancer survivor, as well as for her friends Deema and Sara Balhejaila.
SAMAHER MOUSLY, an analyst at Elixir Consultancy firm, is an American University in Cairo (AUC) graduate in Actuarial Science with a minor in Economics and Computer Science.
“I am training harder than ever – running and jogging between five and eight kilometers a day and taking the stairs, rather than the elevator, of every building I enter.”
She will be climbing for her aunt Hannan.
ASMA AL-GHALIB, a former AUC student, is a native of Jeddah, where she currently works as a journalist. She says she is most eager to spread awareness of the importance of healthy living and regular exercise in helping ward off breast cancer.
MASHAEL AL-HEGELAN, 36, is an internal medicine physician with a subspecialty in Pulmonary and Critical Care from America’s Duke University. She is an avid scuba diver and loves horseback riding as well as reading.
“This journey is amazing in its purpose, uniqueness and the symbolic meaning behind it. While the trek to Mount Everest base camp is to educate and spread awareness about breast cancer, many wonder how the two are related.
“When a person is diagnosed with cancer, it feels like they have been hit with the greatest challenge of their lives, a burden or an obstacle as colossal as the highest peak in the world...
“By taking this journey, we are saying Mount Everest can be climbed by your average person. It is only as scary as you make it, and one step at a time will get you to your goal and you WILL overcome the obstacle.
“Preparation for this journey has been like BOOT CAMP… Meeting three or four times a week with the personal trainers, walking on an incline with my backpack, or attending aerobics classes and running on other days -- it has been an intensive three months of training and preparation.”
Mashael will be climbing for her late grandmother Amal Shalabi who passed away in 1993 at the age of 55, her best friend Mervat Al-Ajroush who passed away in 2000 at the age of 33 leaving behind two children aged 11 and 7 at the time, and on behalf of another close friend, Muneera Al-Nahedh who is celebrating her 12th cancer-free year.
HASNA’A MOKHTAR, 35, is an account manager at Adalid Public Relations – the agency organizing A Woman’s Journey: Destination Mount Everest. She volunteered in 2010 at Women Aware, a nonprofit organization based in Montreal that helps victims of domestic abuse.
“I am taking part in this campaign because I am the account manager and in charge of working closely with HRH Princess Reema... I feel extremely privileged to have been given this once in a lifetime opportunity. I hope we can deliver the message across the globe and raise awareness about this fatal disease.
“I started training at the gym in February. I did lots of cardio workouts and weight training. A month before the trip, I joined a fitness boot camp, where they really pushed me hard to improve my stamina. I stopped using elevators and have been climbing staircases instead...
RAHA MOHARRAK, a native of Jeddah now based in Dubai, is a graduate in Visual Communication from the American University of Sharjah. She describes herself as “a sports enthusiast and an adventurous spirit by nature,” adding: “I feel honored to be part of a campaign that empowers Saudi woman and raises awareness and sheds light on a taboo subject…
“I have taken a weekly six-day cross training program that involves spinning, volleyball, scuba diving, and horseback riding. From my previous experience with Kilimanjaro, I learned that cross training and a healthy diet are vital. But the sine qua non of preparation is building your stamina so you can keep up with the pace while continuing to enjoy the journey all the more.”

Related post:

Saturday, 5 May 2012

Failed attempt on Russian experts in Damascus


The Faculty of Agriculture in al-Tijara district

Syrian rebels attempted to attack Russian experts residing in Damascus on Thursday.
Russia Today (RT), a government-funded global multilingual news network based in Russia, broke the news the same day in Arabic. The Syrian news network Syria-online carries the report without comment this morning.
RT said the armed group attacked the building housing the Russian experts and their families in the al-Tijara district of Damascus on Thursday morning. Al-Tijara district is home to Damascus University’s Faculty of Agriculture.
None of the Russian experts or their dependents was hurt, but one member of the security forces was injured in the attack, according to RT. It said two raiders were captured and the rest are on the run after making their way though a park to the adjoining al-Barza district.
RT said the “Syrian government contracted the services of Soviet experts 30 yeas ago,” without elaborating.
“Road to Damascus”
RT News Correspondent Sara Firth
Separately, RT Friday featured the 10th post in a series titled “Road to Damascus” authored by RT News Correspondent Sara Firth, who joined the Russian news network in November 2009 and holds a BA honors in Law and a PG Diploma in Investigative Journalism from City University London.
First day back and stoically Damascus seems to continue its attempt to keep up appearances. Life buzzes along. But it’s fraying at the edges and more than ever you can feel the undercurrent of tension here.
It’s there when we drive down a side street near the centre (to pop to a pharmacy) only to run into a plain-clothes security officer pointing a Kalashnikov directly at us as we slam on the breaks. Apparently we’d caught him off guard – no harm done.
But the reaction, the increased security presence in itself here, are all telltale signs of the toll taken by months of conflict in the country, which have seen the fight come right to Damascus’ doorstep.
People seem weary here -- weary and wary.
Questions about the upcoming parliamentary elections or the observer mission are not met with much optimism.
So far there are about 30 monitors here, around 100 more are expected to join towards the end of the month – the total should be around 300.
The head of the mission, Maj. Gen. Robert Mood, has said even 1000 observers wouldn’t be enough.
George Jabour, a former government adviser and political speaker I spoke to today agreed:
“It has to come from the Syrian people – success is in the hands of the Syrians essentially.”
When I asked him what else was needed he said:
“Killing does not lead to a solution. Talking does. Dialogue does. Dialogue should start. I suppose that the minute this dialogue starts the violence will be less.”
Now that has its preconditions of course. It should be a suitable environment – an environment that does not exist right now.
But this suitable environment can be created through dialogue. You cannot have a totally suitable environment in advance of the dialogue.
The dialogue precedes and aids its own conditions of success.
A bit of a chicken and egg problem if ever there was one, but it reminded me of a conversation I’d had earlier in the day.
Discussing the observer mission a friend and I had tried to recall the six points of the peace plan.
Obviously there was ending the violence.
It’s the main and arguably most vital point. End the bloodshed.
And what about the other points? Well, they are loosely:
  1. Commit to work with the Envoy in an inclusive Syrian-led political process
  2. Cessation of violence.
  3. Humanitarian assistance – with a 2-hour daily ceasefire.
  4. Release of political prisoners.
  5. Access and freedom of movement for journalists
  6. Right to demonstrate peacefully
The observer mission has already noted violations being carried out by both sides.
Many of the points continue to be openly flouted.
A huge number of people I’ve spoken to today have serious concerns about the level of detentions that are still being carried out.
They include young people and activists. And the news came today that two sons of Fayez Sara, an independent and well-respected opposition figure, had been taken from their homes. Bassam Sara and Wissam Sara (who I think is just 26) both have children of their own.
It’s still not clear where they were taken and by whom, but the assumption is that they’ve been detained by security forces.
Yet whilst ending the violence, with its noblest intentions, is talked about constantly, I’ve barely heard a word breathed about progress or plans regarding detentions.
Then whilst discussing the peace plan and the UN’s implementation of it, the person I was talking to said something that made so much sense to me.
“Perhaps the observers have got it the wrong way around. Perhaps everyone is so concerned with ending the violence that the other points are being overlooked. Until you put a stop to people being detained without charge, until you have freedom to demonstrate peacefully, how can you ever hope to achieve an end to the violence?”
Perhaps, my friend pondered, they should work through that list backwards and the first point should be the last point to be achieved.

Friday, 4 May 2012

Russian camera lens in Homs

RIA NovostiReport from a Syrian Rebel BaseReport from a Syrian Rebel Base
20:07 03/05/2012 The official authorities in Syria call them bandits and terrorists. Syrian civilians are either afraid of them or support them. When a RIA Novosti correspondent wanted to go to Homs to find the rebels, he was warned: “The FSA hates the Russians, they’ll probably kill you.”>>

Thursday, 3 May 2012

U.S. and Iran are now sparring over Lebanon



Having prised Iraq away from the United States, the Islamic Republic of Iran is now sparring with Washington over Lebanon.
U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs Jeffrey Feltman and Iranian Vice-President Mohammad-Reza Rahimi are this week’s shadowboxing stars at the Beirut arena.
“The American-Iranian race for Lebanon caused a backlog of appointments for the two countries’ representatives with senior Lebanese officials,” notes the pan-Arab and Saudi-owned daily al-Hayat today.
It says Feltman and Rahimi’s exclusive meetings on the side with their respective friends and allies are outer upshots of Lebanon’s political divide.
Both men met, or are about to meet, with the Lebanese president, speaker and prime minister. But their side meetings with friends and allies were much more indicative.
Feltman conferred separately with Progressive Socialist Party (PSP) leader Walid Junblatt and his senior aides, Lebanese Forces leader Samir Geagea and a number of March 14 opposition parliamentarians led by Boutros Harb. All are strong critics of President Bashar al-Assad’s regime in Syria.
Rahimi -- who is heading a delegation of 15 cabinet ministers, deputy ministers and ministry directors – elected instead to lay wreaths on the graves of one-time Hezbollah spiritual mentor Sayed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah and Imad Mughniyah, Hezbollah’s topmost military commander who was assassinated in Damascus four years ago.
A statement by the U.S. embassy in Beirut said Wednesday Feltman expressed Washington’s “steadfast support for pluralistic and democratic governments in the region that protect the rights of all citizens, including ethnic and religious minorities.”
The embassy said Feltman “met with senior officials to discuss the political, economic, and security situation in Lebanon, developments in Syria, and other regional issues.”
But Beirut’s daily an-Nahar today quotes several politicians as saying Feltman is reminding them of Lebanon’s international obligations to uphold economic sanctions clamped on Syria and Iran and to extend humanitarian assistance to Syrian refugees.
Rahimi, on the other hand, is reportedly urging Beirut to implement earlier agreements signed by the countries within three months. Ministerial sources told The Daily Star Lebanon does not feel obligated to adhere to any implementation timeframe for the accords. There are 16 of them covering the health, social affairs, energy, industry, agriculture, justice, and economy sectors.
In his daily column for an-Nahar, Lebanese political analyst Rajeh el-Khoury says, “The hive of political activity in Beirut yesterday took us six years back to 2006, when (former U.S. secretary of state) Condoleezza Rice announced the birth of The New Middle East, triggering a response from Iran Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei that the U.S. will face defeat in Lebanon.
“Much changed in Lebanon and the region since, but Lebanon remains a boxing ring…”
According to Khoury, three subject matters concern Washington at this stage:
  1. To keep Lebanon safe and out of the way of any security breakdown in the South (bordering Israel) or North (bordering Syria). The breakdown could come in the wake of the Syrian regime’s undoing. Or, it could be instigated by Syria’s allies to export the Syrian crisis to neighboring countries.
  2. To see Lebanon apply banking sector sanctions against Iran and Syria.
  3. To have Lebanon fulfill its legal obligations by consenting and facilitating humanitarian assistance to Syrian refugees.
Likewise, says Khoury, three Lebanon subject matters are of interest to Iran:
  1.  To ensure its Lebanese allies remain in a position to channel all manner of help to its Syrian partner. That’s because the partner’s exit would dissipate 30 years of Iranian efforts to reach the shores of the Mediterranean and deal a strategic blow to Iran’s regional offshoots and influence.
  2. To bolster and expand ties with the Lebanese state, now that Hezbollah is its overseer.
  3. To help Lebanese allies win the 2013 general elections so Lebanon remains in Tehran’s camp or become its consolation prize in case it loses Syria.
“The perennial question,” Khoury says, is “how long will Lebanon remain a boxing ring for outsiders?”
Hassan Haidar, writing for al-Hayat, agrees that while Iran is doing everything in its power to help the Syrian regime stay afloat “it is also bracing for the post-Assad stage” and pondering damage-limitations steps in case Assad goes under.
“Rahimi’s visit to Beirut with a sizeable delegation is to try and entrap Lebanon in a web that already includes Nouri el-Malilki’s Iraq.” This probably explains why Tehran “mistakenly” sent to Beirut an accord signed with Iraq last month as a draft to be signed between Iran and Lebanon.
Haidar believes the Islamic Republic is trying to entice Lebanon by undertaking to build water dams, roads, power plants, sewers and slaughterhouses and by promising to boost bilateral trade and set up specialized bilateral education committees that would be tasked to update the two countries geography and history textbooks…
If the Arab countries, especially in the Gulf, are deeply worried about events in Syria, Haidar writes, they are urged to also fret about the situation in Lebanon. “Standing up to Iran’s expansionism in Yemen, the UAE, Bahrain, Syria and Lebanon should be done in unison.”

Wednesday, 2 May 2012

“They Burned My Heart” – new HRW Syria report


A man overcome with grief in Taftanaz. (HRW photo)

Syrian government forces killed at least 95 civilians and burned or destroyed hundreds of houses during a two-week offensive in northern Idlib governorate shortly before the ceasefire, Human Rights Watch says in a report released today.
The attacks happened in late March and early April, as United Nations special envoy Kofi Annan was negotiating with the Syrian government to end the fighting. 

 The 38-page report, “‘They Burned My Heart’: War Crimes in Northern Idlib during Peace Plan Negotiations,” documents dozens of extrajudicial executions, killings of civilians, and destruction of civilian property that qualify as war crimes, as well as arbitrary detention and torture. The report is based on a field investigation conducted by Human Rights Watch in the towns of Taftanaz, Saraqeb, Sarmeen, Kelly, and Hazano in Idlib governorate in late April. 


“While diplomats argued over details of Annan’s peace plan, Syrian tanks and helicopters attacked one town in Idlib after another,” said Anna Neistat, associate director for program and emergencies at Human Rights Watch. “Everywhere we went, we saw burnt and destroyed houses, shops, and cars, and heard from people whose relatives were killed. It was as if the Syrian government forces used every minute before the ceasefire to cause harm.”




Human Rights Watch documented large-scale military operations that government forces conducted between March 22 and April 6, 2012, in opposition strongholds in Idlib governorate, causing the death of at least 95 civilians. In each attack, government security forces used numerous tanks and helicopters, and then moved into the towns and stayed from one to three days before proceeding to the next town. Graffiti left by the soldiers in all of the affected towns indicate that the 76th Armored Brigade led the military operation. 


In nine separate incidents documented by Human Rights Watch, government forces executed 35 civilians in their custody. The majority of executions took place during the attack on Taftanaz, a town of about 15,000 inhabitants northeast of Idlib city on April 3 and 4. 


A survivor of the security forces’ execution of 19 members of the Ghazal family in Taftanaz described to Human Rights Watch finding the bodies of his relatives:
We first found five bodies in a little shop next to the house. They were almost completely burnt. We could only identify them by a few pieces of clothes that were left. Then we entered the house and in one of the rooms found nine bodies on the floor, next to the wall. There was a lot of blood on the floor. On the wall, there was a row of bullet marks. The nine men had bullet wounds in their backs, and some in their heads. Their hands were not tied, but still folded behind.
Human Rights Watch researchers were able to observe the bullet marks on the wall that formed a row about 50-60 cm above the floor. Two of those executed were under 18 years old.


In several other cases documented by Human Rights Watch, government forces opened fire and killed or injured civilians trying to flee the attacks. The circumstances of these cases indicate that government forces failed to distinguish between civilians and combatants and to take necessary precautionary measures to protect civilians. Government forces did not provide any warning to the civilian population about the attacks. For example, 76-year-old Ali Ma’assos and his 66-year-old wife, Badrah, were killed by machine-gun fire shortly after the army launched its attack on Taftanaz in the morning on April 3 as they tried to flee the town in a pick-up truck with more than 15 friends and family members. 


Upon entering the towns, government forces and shabeeha (pro-government militias) also burned and destroyed a large number of houses, stores, cars, tractors, and other property. Local activists have recorded the partial or complete burning and destruction of hundreds of houses and stores. In Sarmeen, for example, local activists have recorded the burning of 437 rooms and 16 stores, and the complete destruction of 22 houses.
In Taftanaz, activists said that about 500 houses were partially or completely burned and that 150 houses had been partially or completely destroyed by tank fire or other explosions.
Human Rights Watch examined many of the burned or destroyed houses in the affected towns. 

In most cases, the burning and destruction appeared to be deliberate. The majority of houses that were burned had no external damage, excluding the possibility that shelling ignited the fire. In addition, many of the ruined houses were completely destroyed, in contrast to those which appeared to have been hit by tank shells, where the damage was only partial.
During the military operations, the security forces also arbitrarily detained dozens of people, holding them without any legal basis. About two-thirds of the detainees remain in detention to date, despite promises by President Bashar al-Assad’s government to release political detainees. In most cases, the fate and whereabouts of the detainees remains unknown, raising fears that they had been subjected to enforced disappearances. Those who have been released, many of them elderly or disabled, told Human Rights Watch that during their detention in various branches of the mukhabarat (intelligence agencies) in Idlib city they had been subjected to torture and ill treatment. 


Opposition fighters were present in all of the towns prior to the attacks and in some cases tried to prevent the army from entering the towns. In most cases, according to local residents, opposition fighters withdrew quickly when they realized that they were significantly outnumbered and had no means to resist tanks and artillery. In other towns, opposition fighters left without putting up any resistance; residents said this was in order to avoid endangering the civilian population. 


The fighting in Idlib appeared to reach the level of an armed conflict under international law, given the intensity of the fighting and the level of organization on both sides, including the armed opposition, who ordered and conducted retreats. This would mean that international humanitarian law (the law of armed conflict) would apply in addition to human rights law. Serious violations of international humanitarian law are classified as war crimes.


Human Rights Watch has previously documented and condemned serious abuses by opposition fighters in Syria, including abuses in Taftanaz. These abuses should be investigated and those responsible brought to justice. These abuses by no means justify, however, the violations committed by the government forces, including summary executions of villagers and the large-scale destruction of villages. 


Human Rights Watch called on the United Nations Security Council to ensure that the UN supervisory mission deployed to Syria includes a properly staffed and equipped human rights section that is able safely and independently to interview victims of human rights abuses such as those documented in this report, while protecting them from retaliation. Human Rights Watch also called on the UN Security Council to ensure accountability for these crimes by referring the situation in Syria to the International Criminal Court, and for the ongoing UN Commission of Inquiry to support this.
“The United Nations – through the Commission of Inquiry and the Security Council – should make sure that the crimes committed by Syrian security forces do not go unpunished,” said Neistat. “The peace plan efforts will be seriously undermined if abuses continue behind the observers’ backs.”
 
Eyewitness Accounts from “They Burned My Heart…”
The soldiers had handcuffed him behind his back. They didn’t hit him in front of me, but I saw that his eye was bruised. I tried to be quiet and nice to the soldiers so that they would release him. They spent about 15 minutes in the house, asking him about weapons and searching everywhere. I think they were looking for money. I didn’t say good-bye so as to not make him sad. He didn’t say anything either. When they left, the soldiers said that I should forget him.
Mother of Mohammad Saleh Shamrukh, chant-leader from Saraqeb, who was summarily executed by the Syrian security forces on March 25, 2012
***
The soldiers placed the four of us facing a wall. They first asked Awad where his armed sons were. When Awad said that he was an old man and that he didn’t have any armed sons, they just shot him three times from a Kalashnikov. They then said to Ahmed that apparently 25 years in prison had not been enough for him. When he didn’t say anything, they shot him. They then shot Iyad without any questions and he fell on my shoulder. I realized that it was my turn. I said there is no God but Allah and Mohammed is his prophet and then I don’t remember anything else.
Mohammed Aiman Ezz, 43-year-old man shot three times in the back of the head and neck by government forces in an attempted execution of four men in Taftanaz on April 4. He was the only survivor
***
I knew in my heart it was my boys [my son and my brother], that they were killed. I ran out, and about 50 meters from the house there were nine bodies, next to the wall. There were still snipers on the roofs, and we had to move very slowly, using flashlights. I pointed my flashlight at the first body, then the second – it wasn’t Uday or Saed. Then I asked the neighbors to help, and we found them both. Saed still had his hands tied behind. People later told me that Uday and Saed were executed there, and the other seven were FSA fighters brought from other places. Uday had a bullet wound in the neck and the back of his head; Saed in his chest and neck.
“Heba” (not her real name), mother of 15-year-old Uday Mohammed al-Omar and 21-year-old Saeed Mustafa Barish, both executed by the Syrian security forces in Saraqeb on March 26, 2012
***
The tank was on the main road, just 10 meters away from the house. Suddenly, they fired four shells, one after the other, into the house. I was in the house next door, with my mother and six children. We were all thrown into the air by the blast, and for 15 minutes I couldn’t see or hear anything. Then we went into the room that was hit by the shells. One of the walls had a huge hole, some 1.5 meters in diameter, and the opposite wall was completely destroyed. We found Ezzat in the rubble; we could only see his fingers and part of his shoe. It is a miracle that his wife and child were not hurt. They were in the same house, but went to the kitchen when the shells hit. We took Ezzat out, but couldn’t save him. His chest was crushed, and blood was coming out of his mouth and ears.
“Rashida” (not her real name), a relative of 50-year-old Ezzat Ali Sheikh Dib who died when the army shelled his house in Saraqeb on March 27, 2012
***
They put a Kalashnikov [assault rifle] to my head and threatened to kill us all if my husband did not come home. The children started crying. Then an officer told a soldier to get petrol and told the children that he would burn them like he would burn their father because he is a terrorist. When the soldier came back with some sort of liquid – it didn’t seem to be petrol – they poured it out in three of the rooms while we were staying in the living room. We wanted to get out of the house, but the soldiers prevented us. My young daughters were crying and begging them to let us go. We were all terrified. Finally, they allowed us to leave the house, but I became even more afraid when I saw all the soldiers and tanks in the street.
“Salma” (not her real name), whose house in Taftanaz was burnt by the soldiers on April 4, along with the houses of her five brothers-in-law
***
They put me in the car, handcuffed, and kept there all day, until seven in the evening. I told them, ‘I am an old man, let me go to the bathroom,’ but they just beat me on the face. Then they brought me to State Security in Idlib, and put me in a 30-square-meter cell with about 100 other detainees. I had to sleep squatting on the floor. There was just one toilet for all of us. They took me to an interrogation four times, each time asking why some of my family members joined the FSA. I didn’t deny it, but said there was nothing I could do to control what my relatives do. They slapped me on the face a lot.
“Abu Ghassan” (not his real name), 73-year-old man who was detained in one of the towns in northern Idlib and held in detention for 18 days. 

“They destroyed me for good, but I’m staying put”


Abu-William perched on the balcony of his ruined flat (Asharq Alawsat photo)
An elderly figure sits cross-legged on the balcony of his wrecked home in Homs. Ceaseless bombardment and shelling by the Syrian Army for months has left most residential areas in Homs and many other restive cities, towns, neighborhoods and villages in ruin.
The lonely and broken man from Homs is Abu William Kaddoura. He could only salvage a broken chair, a wooden table, a mattress and an ashtray from his lifetime savings to own and furnish a home.
Taking a puff at his cigarette, he reflects on camera:
“My home? My home is wrecked. Today, my wife arrived from Damascus. She saw this and turned tail in under 15 minutes. She stayed 15 minutes in Homs before taking to her heals. I mean to say she was right. What is this? The dirt, the dust after the shell destroyed everything.
“Who did it? The Syrian Army! Who else? Who has tank shells? Who else has rockets? They destroyed me. They destroyed me for good.”
But how are you surviving now?
“By God’s grace and with the young men lending me a helping hand.”
Will you be staying put?
“Until I die. There is no way I would leave. I die? Then I am hauled to my grave. Let them take over my home afterwards.”
But who is helping you and protecting you?
“In truth, the young men, the young men from the revolution. They are good people. Much too good in fact! They are getting me food and water. But I am painfully shy. I shy away from asking them for anything – haraam (it’s a pity). I don’t know what to say, haraam. Today, they got me bread. They got me food. They’re good people. Much too good in fact!”
But your place is now wide open on the street below now!
“Yes, I know. But who is going to get in. Thieves? Let them come in. If they find anything, they can take it.”
And the message you wish to get across?
“Enough! Enough shelling! Let us live! If we still have 10 or 20 days to live, let’s know how to live them. God is merciful to everyone.”

The two-minute Abu-William video posted on YouTube yesterday: